Bangun O. A, AI-Based Adaptive Learning Mo “AI-Based Adaptive Learning Model to Enhance Students’ Self-Directed Learning in Higher Education”: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Personalized Learning Approach. BiCED [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 24 [cited 2026 Mar. 17];3(1):128-32. Available from: http://proceedings.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/biced/article/view/808