Legal Protection for Children and Women Victims of the Palestine Israel War from the Perspective of Islamic Humanitarian Law

Edi  Rosman; Fajrul Wadi Wadi; Zikra Wahyuni Wahyuni

Authors

Edi Rosman State Islamic University Sjech M. Djamil Djambek, Bukittinggi, Indonesia
Fajrul Wadi State Islamic University Sjech M. Djamil Djambek, Bukittinggi, Indonesia
Zikra Wahyuni Internatonal Islamic University of Malaysia

Keywords:

Legal Protection, Victims, Children and Women

Abstract

The prolonged conflict between Palestine and Israel has significantly impacted children and women as vulnerable groups. This article analyzes the legal protection for them through the perspective of Islamic humanitarian law. Islamic humanitarian law, rooted in Sharia principles, emphasizes the protection of non-combatants in armed conflicts. Children and women, as parties not directly involved in warfare, are guaranteed security and special protection based on various texts from the Qur'an and Hadith. Additionally, the principles of maqasid al-shariah (objectives of Sharia), which prioritize the protection of life, lineage, and property, reinforce this protective argument. This study identifies the alignment between international humanitarian law and Islamic humanitarian law regarding the protection of vulnerable groups during conflicts. However, implementation on the ground is often hindered by political and military complexities. Therefore, intensive efforts from the international community and Muslim countries are needed to ensure adherence to the principles of Islamic humanitarian law. The article concludes that strengthening legal protection for children and women victims of the Palestine-Israel conflict requires a holistic approach that combines international norms and Islamic values to achieve better justice and humanity

References

Bassiouni, M. Cherif. "Protection of Diplomats under Islamic Law." American Journal of International Law 74, no. 3 (1980): 609-633. https://doi.org/10.2307/2200903.

Bouchet-Saulnier, Françoise. The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law. Translated by Laura Brav. 3rd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013.

Afriyati, V., & Pasmawati, H. (2024). Keterampilan profesional konselor karier: Kompetensi esensial untuk bimbingan yang efektif. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.855

Ali Albara, B., & Bakhrul Ilmi, M. (2025). Transformation of digital masculinity and its implications for women’s rights in divorce under Islamic law. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1349

Al Hafiz, S. Y., Al Badi’ah, N. I., & Abdurrozaq, M. (2025). Artificial intelligence integration in UNCLOS implementation for resolving maritime disputes in South China Sea. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1326

Arifin, F., Fadly, D., Akhiar, H., Majasius, D., & Rahmadhani, S. (2025). Digital behaviorism among Muslim communities on social media from the perspective of Islamic law. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1360

’Azhim Al As’hal, A., & Fauzi, A. (2023). Integration of scientific literacy and Islamic law in the practice of in vitro fertilization (IVF). USRATY: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i1.8973

Azhari, D., & Asmuni, A. (2025). Gender equality in the political reform of Islamic family law in contemporary Muslim countries. USRATY: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i1.8721

Bimantara, G., Astuti Handayani, T., & Aqiel Alam, M. (2025). Legal analysis of Bitcoin ownership as a medium of exchange in the digital financial system. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1358

Candra, A., Efendi, F., Supardi, E., Nurlaila, N., Mulyawan, F., & Bulan Sari Siregar, L. (2025). Implementation of SEMA Number 01 Years 2023: Summons notice by registered mail in the Religious Court. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1354

DeLuca, C., Rickey, N., Putra, M. R. R., Hui, S. K. F., & Ngardi, V. (2024). The role of the hidden curriculum in the secondary education revolution in the United States. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.852

Demiral, F., Daipon, D., & Usqho, M. U. (2025). Ta’zir punishment for adultery in Indonesian and Malaysian law from a Maqashid Sharia perspective. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1316

Doni, M., & Hanani, S. (2025). The Compilation of Islamic Law as a socio-digital product in the reform of Islamic law in Indonesia. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1335

Emier Azka, M., Iskandar, M. Y., Azyzy Amyrul Hafidz Hamam, M., Syahnur, L., & Syahriani, F. (2025). The protection of human rights for children and women from the Houthi insurgency. USRATY: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i1.9669

Emier Azka, M., Syahriani, F., Amyrul Hafidz Hamam, M. A., Syahnur, L., & Fajri Mulyani, F. (2025). Revitalization of character education to overcome moral crisis among Islamic boarding school students in digital era. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 4(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v4i1.1414

Farhan Akbar, M., & Khalid, K. (2025). Islamic political-legal analysis of the misuse of night entertainment licensing in Medan City. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1370

Halwaini, F. (2025). Women’s rights in the Qur’an: A semiotic analysis of the practice of family law in Indonesia. USRATY: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i1.9002

Inita Zahra, N., Miswardi, M., Fitri Gunawan, N., Doni, M., & Yusuf Iskandar, M. (2025). Transforming matrilineal traditions: The role of ulama in reforming Minangkabau customary inheritance law. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1373

Islami, F., & Fadli, A. (2024). Pengaruh lingkungan asrama dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Syech Ahmad Chatib. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.124

Kayati, N. F., Hidayatullah, S., & Jainuddin, J. (2025). Legal implementation in the digital era: Protection of child support rights after divorce in Indonesia. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1317

Lestari, A. P., Charles, C., & Ersisri, E. (2024). Meningkatkan hasil belajar SKI siswa kelas XI IPA dengan menggunakan metode mind mapping di MAN 3 Solok. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.90

Maulana, I., & Kartikasari, Y. (2025). Social transformation of Tompangan marriage in contemporary Madurese society through Islamic legal sociology perspective. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1359

Nuraini, N., Subagiya, B., & Basri, S. (2025). Islamic education teachers’ strategies in instilling character education at MTs Al-Ahsan Bogor. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 4(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v4i1.1409

Petriani, D. R. (2025). The religious roles of Muslimah influencers in the construction of contemporary families. USRATY: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i1.9006

Putri, R., Darmawati, G., & Rahayu, D. S. (2024). Pemanfaatan media pembelajaran vidio tutorial terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X di SMKN 1 Dua Koto. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.145

Rafiqa Izzati, N. (2025). Post-divorce mut’ah: The reinforcement of gender hierarchies in the practice of Religious Courts. USRATY: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i1.8844

Rahmi, R., Jayusman, J., Azizah, N., Efrinaldi, E., & Rahmawati, R. (2025). Legal dynamics of financial responsibility and marital property in marriage in Indonesia. USRATY: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i1.8948

Rina, N. (2023). Surrogacy practices in the legal dilemma of the reproductive technology era in Indonesia. USRATY: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i1.9085

Ruzayana, Z., Salsabila, U., Nuzul Hidayah, R., & Firsha, M. (2025). Judicial system digitalization: The constitutionality of the E-Court system in Southeast Asia. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1343

Salimah Nailulmuna, S., Mujib, A., Nuzul Hidayah, R., Mustika Ramadhani, F., & Ulum, B. (2025). Analyzing public complaints on BPJS health services through Platform X using a Maqashid Shari’ah perspective. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1338

Salman, N. F. B., Arvita, R. F., Inayati, N. L., & Apriantoro, M. S. (2024). Bibliometric analysis and literature review of Islamic religious education curriculum model. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 182–193. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.1307

Saputra, M. F. E., Miswardi, M., Ihsan, N., Fransiska, N., & Safitri, R. S. (2025). Reconstruction of Constitutional Court decision on presidential and vice presidential age limit from Siyasah Qadhaiyyah perspective. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1305

Saputri, R. M., Marzuki, M., & Li, X. (2024). Strengthening democratic characters through learning of Pancasila and citizenship education in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 194–204. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.1306

Sari, W. P., Melani, M., & Nurhayanis, N. (2024). Students’ difficulties in converting active sentences into passive sentences in simple tense at MAN 3 Solok students. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.131

Tabita, K., Khalid, K., & Mora Matondang, M. (2025). Legal implications of Constitutional Court Decision 168/PUU-XXI/2023 on employment termination within Islamic political jurisprudence. Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, 4(1), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1368

Wiangga, I. A., & Febriyanto, N. I. (2024). The impact of educators’ teaching styles on secondary school learners’ motivation in English. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.361

Wulandari, R., Dwi Amiza, I. P., & Annas, F. (2024). Pengembangan model inovasi pembelajaran berbasis research and development di SMP N 3 Pasaman Barat. Journal of Educational Management and Strategy, 3(2), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v3i02.602

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Customary International Humanitarian Law. Vol. 1: Rules. Edited by Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804700.

Hizbullah, S., Hanani, S., & Nofiardi, N. (2023). Delik Zina Controversy in the Kuhp. GIC Proceeding, 1, 356–362. https://doi.org/10.30983/gic.v1i1.126

Liza, A., Hanani, S., & Nofiardi, N. (2023). Reflection of Islamic Law on Living Al-Hijr When Baganyi in The Community Nagari Canduang Koto Laweh. GIC Proceeding, 1, 338–347. https://doi.org/10.30983/gic.v1i1.134

Marni, T. S., Hanani, S., & Nofiardi, N. (2023). Modernisation of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia (Analysis of Counter Legal Draft- Compilation of Islamic Law in Inheritance Law). GIC Proceeding, 1, 317–325. https://doi.org/10.30983/gic.v1i1.131

Wahyudi, D., Hanani, S., & Nofiardi, N. (2023). Sociological Analysis of Islamic Law Regarding Law Number 22 of 2009 Related to the Sale and Purchase of Vehicles Without Complete Documents. GIC Proceeding, 1(22), 308–316. https://doi.org/10.30983/gic.v1i1.113

Quraishi, Asifa. "The Separation of Powers in the Tradition of Muslim Governments." Journal of Law and Religion 11, no. 1 (1994): 267-289. https://doi.org/10.2307/1051217.

Ramadan, Tariq. Islam, the West and the Challenges of Modernity. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, 2009.

Sachedina, Abdulaziz. The Islamic Roots of Democratic Pluralism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195139917.001.0001.

Schabas, William A. An Introduction to the International Criminal Court. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511973123.

United Nations. "Convention on the Rights of the Child." Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989. Accessed May 10, 2024. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child.

Weiss, Thomas G., David P. Forsythe, Roger A. Coate, and Kelly-Kate Pease. The United Nations and Changing World Politics. 7th ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2017.

Zain, M. H. "Humanitarian Law in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Islamic Law and Culture 12, no. 2 (2010): 95-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528817X.2010.598441.