BANGUN, O. A, AI-Based Adaptive Learning Mo AI-Based Adaptive Learning Model to Enhance Students’ Self-Directed Learning in Higher Education: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Personalized Learning Approach. BiCED Proceeding, [S. l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 133–136, 2025. DOI: 10.30983/biced.v3i1.809. Disponível em: https://proceedings.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/biced/article/view/809. Acesso em: 19 may. 2026.