Bangun, O. “A, AI-Based Adaptive Learning Mo AI-Based Adaptive Learning Model to Enhance Students’ Self-Directed Learning in Higher Education: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Personalized Learning Approach”. BiCED Proceeding, vol. 3, no. 1, Dec. 2025, pp. 133-6, doi:10.30983/biced.v3i1.809.