The Existence of Waqf in the Perspective of Classical Fiqh and National Law

Hilda Mulyani; Olivia Angelica Tiawarman; Aidil Alfin

Authors

Hilda Mulyani Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi
Olivia Angelica Tiawarman Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi
Aidil Alfin Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Keywords:

Waqf, Classical Fiqh, Law No. 41 of 2004, Productive Waqf

Abstract

Waqf is one of the instruments of Islamic philanthropy that plays a strategic role in improving the welfare of the people. In classical fiqh perspective, waqf is defined as the holding of property whose benefits are used for the public interest while maintaining its principal (tahbis al‘ashl wa tasbil al-manfa‘ah). Each school of thought has different views on the ownership and management of waqf, but it is generally agreed that waqf is a charitable act that has spiritual and social value. In the context of Indonesian national law, the existence of waqf is formally regulated through Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf, which aims to provide legal certainty, asset protection, and encourage productive waqf management. However, the implementation of waqf in Indonesia still faces various problems, such as a lack of socialization, weak nadzir management, limited development funds, and minimal legal supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to professionalize waqf management, certify waqf assets, and optimize productive waqf, including cash waqf, so that waqf can become a pillar of sustainable economic development for the community. This study shows that there has been an important transformation process from the concept of waqf in classical fiqh to modern regulations that emphasize legality and sharia-based economic empowerment.

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